Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards. Students of law, architecture and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own professional bodies.

At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses, books and travel, although parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now system of loans has been introduced.